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Showcase 23

Polish decorations

The 18th century was the period of the establishment of the most important Polish orders and decorations: the Order of the White Eagle, the Order of St Stanislaw and the Virtuti Militari. They had a wide range of meanings: state, social, military and symbolic.

1. Medallion of an official of the Order of the White Eagle after Piotr Wasiljewicz Miatlew (1752-1834)

1. Medallion of an official of the Order of the White Eagle after Piotr Wasiljewicz Miatlew (1752-1834)

Russia or Poland (?), 1797

Agate, gold, enamel, chiselling, engraving, carving

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

2. White Eagle Order after Michał Obuchowicz (1760-1818), castellan of Minsk

2. White Eagle Order after Michał Obuchowicz (1760-1818), castellan of Minsk

Poland, ca. 1792

Gold, copper, glass, enamel, gold embossed foil, gilding

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

3. White Eagle Order awarded 3 August 1762 to Franciszek Stanisław Kostka Czapski (1725-1802)

3. White Eagle Order awarded 3 August 1762 to Franciszek Stanisław Kostka Czapski (1725-1802)

Poland, 1762

Gold, diamonds, silk (moire), silver, stonesetting, chiselling, engraving, grained decoration, enamel

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

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4. Star of the White Eagle Order

4. Star of the White Eagle Order

Poland, between 1720-1764

Metal thread, linen, silver, bullion, embroidery

5. Star of the White Eagle Order awarded in 1783 to Adam Chmara (1720-1805), the voivode of Minsk

5. Star of the White Eagle Order awarded in 1783 to Adam Chmara (1720-1805), the voivode of Minsk

Poland, 1783

Silver, gold, cardboard, metal thread, paper, bullion, sequins

Gift of Aleksander Jelski, 1902. From the former collection of the Library and Museum of Antiquities in Zamość

6. Cross of the War Order of Virtuti Militari awarded to Benedykt Kołyszko (1750-1834) awarded for 1792 campaign

6. Cross of the War Order of Virtuti Militari awarded to Benedykt Kołyszko (1750-1834) awarded for 1792 campaign

Poland, Warsaw (?), 1792

Gold, moire, silver, enamel, engraving, soldering, die stamping

Gift of Tytus Eustachy Kołyszko, son of Benedykt, 1890. The cross was awarded to Kołyszko on August 21, 1792

7. A gold award ring with the inscription ‘For Defender of Fatherland’, number VII, after General Benedykt Kołyszko (1750-1834)

7. A gold award ring with the inscription ‘For Defender of Fatherland’, number VII, after General Benedykt Kołyszko (1750-1834)

Poland, Warsaw, 1794

Gold, rolling, embossing, chiselling, engraving

Gift of Tytus Eustachy Kołyszko, 1890

8. Star of the Grand Cross of the War Order of the Duchy of Warsaw (Virtuti Militari) awarded to Prince Józef Poniatowski (1763-1813)

8. Star of the Grand Cross of the War Order of the Duchy of Warsaw (Virtuti Militari) awarded to Prince Józef Poniatowski (1763-1813)

France, Paris, Coudray manufacture, 1809

Silver, gold, leather, casting, faceting, enamel, gilding, glueing

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

After Poniatowski’s death in the Battle of Leipzig (1813), the star was preserved by Poniatowski’s butler, Kochanowski, in Prince Józef’s luggage along with a case containing his other decorations. It was purchased from Kochanowski’s successors in 1873 by Henryk Stecki, who then gave it to Emeryk Hutten-Czapski

9. Silver Medal of Military Merit - Virtuti Militari

9. Silver Medal of Military Merit - Virtuti Militari

Poland, Warsaw, workshop of Johann Philip Holzhaeusser, 1792

Silver, die stamping

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

10. Gold Medal of Military Merit - Virtuti Militari

10. Gold Medal of Military Merit - Virtuti Militari

Poland, Warsaw, workshop of Johann Philip Holzhaeusser, 1792

Gold, die stamping

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

11. Silver Medal of Military Merit - Virtuti Militari

11. Silver Medal of Military Merit - Virtuti Militari

Poland, Warsaw, workshop of Johann Philip Holzhaeusser, 1792

Silver, die stamping

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

12. Medal 'For 18 years of service in one regiment'

12. Medal 'For 18 years of service in one regiment'

Poland, Warsaw, workshop of Johann Philip Holzhaeusser, after 1768

Silver, die stamping

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

13. Medal 'For 18 years of service in one regiment'

13. Medal 'For 18 years of service in one regiment'

Poland, Warsaw, workshop of Johann Philip Holzhaeusser, after 1768

Silver, die stamping

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

14. Order of Saint Stanislaus on a ribbon

14. Order of Saint Stanislaus on a ribbon

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Copper, gold, glass, enamel, gold embossed foil

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

15. Order of Saint Stanislaus after Michał Obuchowicz (1760-1818), castellan of Minsk

15. Order of Saint Stanislaus after Michał Obuchowicz (1760-1818), castellan of Minsk

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Copper, gold, glass, enamel, gold embossed foil

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

16. Order of Saint Stanislaus

16. Order of Saint Stanislaus

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Copper, gold, glass, enamel, gold embossed foil

17. Star of Saint Stanislaus Order after Franciszek Bukaty (1747-1797), the last envoy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in England

17. Star of Saint Stanislaus Order after Franciszek Bukaty (1747-1797), the last envoy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in England

Poland, 1785

Silver, cardboard, linen, thread, ruby, sequins, bullion, stonesetting

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903. Previously from the former collection of the Library and Museum of Antiquities in Zamość

18. Canonical cross of the Cathedral Chapter in Krakow

18. Canonical cross of the Cathedral Chapter in Krakow

Poland, 18th c.

Silver, gold, bronze, gilding

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

19. Canonical cross of the Cathedral Chapter in Gniezno after bishop Józef Korytowski (died 1790)

19. Canonical cross of the Cathedral Chapter in Gniezno after bishop Józef Korytowski (died 1790)

Poland, Gniezno, between 1768-1790

Gold, enamel

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

 

 

20. Canonical cross of the canon of the collegiate church of St. John the Baptist in Warsaw

20. Canonical cross of the canon of the collegiate church of St. John the Baptist in Warsaw

Poland, Warsaw (?), between 1751-1763

Bronze, silk (moire), enamel, painting with opaque colored enamels, gilding, relief decoration

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

21. Canonical cross of the Cathedral Chapter in Vilnius

21. Canonical cross of the Cathedral Chapter in Vilnius

Grand Duchy of Lithuania, second half of the 18th c.

Silver, gold, brass, casting, relief decoration, gilding

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

22. Canonical cross of the Cathedral Chapter in Kiev

22. Canonical cross of the Cathedral Chapter in Kiev

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Bronze, gold, casting, enamel, openwork, gilding

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903