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Showcase 24

National cavalry and Kościuszko Inscurection

The last showcases in the exhibition deal with the period of the Partitions, when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was divided between Russia, Austria and Prussia. This event triggered strong processes of independence, which included not only armed but also cultural and social events. One of the most important phenomena for this exhibition is the cult of historical figures. One of the ways in which this was maintained was through material relics, which provided a link with the past and a source of inspiration for those fighting for independence. In this section we also learn about the Polish uniform, starting with the National Cavalry as the formation that replaced the famous Hussars: its symbolism, design and influence on civilian fashion, as well as issues of social reception of the military uniform.

1. Officer's gorget of Stanisław August's Crown Guard

1. Officer's gorget of Stanisław August's Crown Guard

Poland, ca. 1780

Bronze, silver, gold, velvet, gilding, casting, silvering, riveting, glueing

From the former armoury of Piotr Moszyński in Krakow

2. Officer's gorget

2. Officer's gorget

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Brass, silver, gold, silvering, casting, gilding, riveting

From the former armoury of Piotr Moszyński in Krakow

3. Officer's gorget of foreign contingent

3. Officer's gorget of foreign contingent

Poland, after 1764

Copper, silver, gold, casting, silvering, gilding, riveting, chiselling

4. Decoration from a cavalry cartridge-pouch belt

4. Decoration from a cavalry cartridge-pouch belt

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Bronze, gold, casting, gilding

Deposit of the Academy of Learning, 1896

5. National Cavalry belt buckle

5. National Cavalry belt buckle

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Brass, copper, casting, gilding, soldering, chiselling, engraving

Gift of Bronisław Dembowski and Maria Dembowska, 1924

6. Military cartridge-pouch from the reign of Stanislaus Augustus

6. Military cartridge-pouch from the reign of Stanislaus Augustus

Poland, after 1764

Wood, velvet, metal thread, sequins, silver, gold, satin, embroidery, gilding, enamel, appliqué, sewing, repoussé, engraving

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

7. Cap clip with SAR (Stanislaus Augustus Rex) monogram

7. Cap clip with SAR (Stanislaus Augustus Rex) monogram

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Silver, gold, enamel, engraving, cutting, gilding

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

8. Cap clip of the National Cavalry officer

8. Cap clip of the National Cavalry officer

Poland, ca. 1775

Brass, gold, feather, embossing, gilding, appliqué, chiselling

 

 

9. Decoration for cap of the National Cavalry or Front Guard

9. Decoration for cap of the National Cavalry or Front Guard

Poland, ca. 1789

Bronze, silver, gold, casting, gilding

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

 

 

10. Uniform of a general-major in the Crown forces, formerly owned by Benedykt Kołyszko (1750-1834)

10. Uniform of a general-major in the Crown forces, formerly owned by Benedykt Kołyszko (1750-1834)

Poland, between 1790-1794

Broadcloth, linen, silver metal thread, metal, sewing, appliqué

Gift of Tadeusz Eustachy Kołyszko, 1890

 

with the uniform:

  • Sash of an officer of the Front Guard or infantry of the Crown Army after the Iliński family

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Silver metal thread, cotton thread, weaving

Gift of Henryk Stecki, 1911

  • Officer’s epaulette of the National Cavalry after General Antoni Madaliński (1793- 804)

Poland, between 1790-1794

Silver metal thread, sequins, sewing, sequins

Gift of Władysław Glixelli, 1891

 

11. Pallasch from the reign of Stanislaus Augustus with sheath

11. Pallasch from the reign of Stanislaus Augustus with sheath

Poland, ca. 1780

Iron, wood, leather, forging, etching

Gift of Erazm Barącz, 1922

12. Officer’s sabre from the times of the Constitution of 3 May 1791

12. Officer’s sabre from the times of the Constitution of 3 May 1791

Poland, after 1791

Iron, gold, brass, leather, cotton thread, metal thread, gilding, forging, etching

From the former armoury of Piotr Moszyński in Krakow

13. Portrait of General Benedykt Kołyszko (1750-1834)

13. Portrait of General Benedykt Kołyszko (1750-1834)

Poland, late 18th c.

Oil painting, linen

14. Military cartridge-pouch after colonel Antoni Lewicki (ca. 1755 - 1829)

14. Military cartridge-pouch after colonel Antoni Lewicki (ca. 1755 - 1829)

Poland, ca. 1794

Wood, leather, brass, silver, gold metal thread, paper, sewing, chiselling, gilding, appliqué

Deposit of the Academy of Learning, 1898

15. Cartridge-pouch of a brigadier or captain of the National Cavalry of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

15. Cartridge-pouch of a brigadier or captain of the National Cavalry of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Grand Duchy of Lithuiania, between 1785-1794

Wood, leather, velvet, brass, sewing, appliqué, gilding, chiselling, punching

From the collection of Emeryk Hutten-Czapski, gift of the family, 1903

16. Cartridge-pouch with the belt of an officer of the Crown National Cavalry after Józef August Iliński (1766-1844)

16. Cartridge-pouch with the belt of an officer of the Crown National Cavalry after Józef August Iliński (1766-1844)

Poland, between 1789-1792

Wood, leather, iron, silver, brass, gold metal thread, silk, forging, openwork, gilding, engraving, appliqué, weaving, sewing, silvering

Gift of Henryk Stecki, 1911

17. Hussar sabre with sheath

17. Hussar sabre with sheath

Poland, 1790s

Iron, wood, shagreen, silver, gold, copper, etching, silvering, gilding

Deposit of the Jagiellonian University Museum. From the former collection of Karol Rogawski in Ołpiny

18. Hussar sabre with sheath

18. Hussar sabre with sheath

Poland, 1790s

Iron, gold, leather, wood, copper, forging, etching, inlay, gilding, openwork

Gift of Erazm Barącz. From the former collection of Piotr Umiński

 

 

19. Military sabre with inscription ‘Vivat Narodowa Kawaleria’ (Long live National Cavalry)

19. Military sabre with inscription ‘Vivat Narodowa Kawaleria’ (Long live National Cavalry)

Poland, Warsaw, 1790s

Iron, wood, forging, etching

Gift of H. Nussbaum, 1888

20. Flintlock gun

20. Flintlock gun

Poland, Warsaw, workshop of Karol Ludwik Giebenhan, late 18th/early 19th c.

Iron, pattern welding, wood, horn, gold, brass, forging, casting, carving, inlay, gilding, engraving, openwork

Gift of Władysław ‘Sefer Pasza’ Kościelski, 1897

21. Polish blade with shashka hilt after General Antoni Józef Madaliński (1739-1804)

21. Polish blade with shashka hilt after General Antoni Józef Madaliński (1739-1804)

Poland (blade), Caucasus (fittings), 1680-1750 (blade), 1794 (blade decoration) after 1794 (fittings)

Iron, ivory, forging, punching, engraving, polishing

From the former armoury of Piotr Moszyński in Krakow. Previously, the weapon was considered a souvenir of General Piotr Jaźwiński

22. Eagle of the Masovian Voivodeship

22. Eagle of the Masovian Voivodeship

Poland, between 1780-1820

Copper, gold, gilding, embossing, soldering

Gift of Henryk Stecki, 1911

23. Squadron pennons of a National Cavalry brigade of General Stanisław Mokronowski (1761-1821)

23. Squadron pennons of a National Cavalry brigade of General Stanisław Mokronowski (1761-1821)

Poland, between 1789 – 1794

Damask, silver metal thread, sequins, sewing, embroidery

From the former armoury of Piotr Moszyński in Krakow

24. Peasant cloth, according to tradition after the leader of the 1794 uprising,Tadeusz Kościuszko (1746-1817)

24. Peasant cloth, according to tradition after the leader of the 1794 uprising,Tadeusz Kościuszko (1746-1817)

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Wool, broadcloth, steel, cord, sewing

Gift of Jan Burzyński from Uhrynów near Stanisławów,1886. According to family tradition, the coat belonged to Tadeusz Kościuszko, who after the battle of Szczekociny used it to cover his wounded friend, colonel Jan Burzyński (1768-1814)

25. Hussar uniform after Józef Horoch (1770-1845), Tadeusz Kościuszko’s aide-de-camp

25. Hussar uniform after Józef Horoch (1770-1845), Tadeusz Kościuszko’s aide-de-camp

Poland, 1794

Broadcloth, linen, brass, cotton thread, wool, cord, sewing, embroidery, appliqué

Deposit of the Jagiellonian University Museum. Gift of Kalikst Horoch, 1883

next to the uniform:

  • Hussar sabre with sheath

Poland or Hungary, ca. 1794 and first half of the 20th c. (etched inscription)

Iron, leather, brass, wood, forging, casting, engraving, etching, chiselling, punching, repoussé

 

26. Military cartridge-pouch with a belt, ramrod and belt with saber slings of a senior infantry officer after Józef August Iliński (1766-1844)

26. Military cartridge-pouch with a belt, ramrod and belt with saber slings of a senior infantry officer after Józef August Iliński (1766-1844)

Poland, 1788-1794

Wood, Moroccan leather, silver, reed, silver metal thread, silk, iron, sewing, casting, chiselling, appliqué, casting, weaving

Gift of Henryk Stecki, 1911

27. Pair of flintlock pistols according to tradition, given to Tadeusz Kościuszko by George Washington

27. Pair of flintlock pistols according to tradition, given to Tadeusz Kościuszko by George Washington

England, London, after 1815 (stock)

Steel, bronze, gold, wood, flint, forging, bluing, casting, engraving, chiselling, gilding

Gift of Stanisław Kolobasa Zrencki and Adam Kalinka, 1893. Previously in the possession of the Zaltner family from Solothurn, bequeathed to them by Tadeusz Kościuszko

28. Fragment of the ribbon of the Order of Virtuti Militari after Tadeusz Kościuszko (1746-1817)

28. Fragment of the ribbon of the Order of Virtuti Militari after Tadeusz Kościuszko (1746-1817)

Poland, 1792 (ribbon), between 1800-1820 (frame)

Moire, cardboard, paper, glass, weaving, glueing

Deposit of the Academy of Learning, 1896

29. Gloves with a portrait of Tadeusz Kościuszko from a patriotic fundraiser

29. Gloves with a portrait of Tadeusz Kościuszko from a patriotic fundraiser

Warsaw, 1794

Leather, silk thread, paper, hand sewing, copperplate engraving

Deposit of the Academy of Learning, 1891

30. Buckle-medallion from the bandolet after General Jakub Jasiński (1776-1794)

30. Buckle-medallion from the bandolet after General Jakub Jasiński (1776-1794)

Poland or Lithuania, Vilnius (?), 1794

Gold, brass, painting, gilding

Deposit of the Academy of Learning, 1891

31. A snuff box with a cover made by Tadeusz Kościuszko

31. A snuff box with a cover made by Tadeusz Kościuszko

France, Paris, 1801-1804

Wood (burl wood), tortoiseshell, gold, rolling, cutting, engraving

Gift of Franciszek Paszkowski, 1926

32. A tobacco tin made by Tadeusz Kościuszko during his stay in Russian captivity

32. A tobacco tin made by Tadeusz Kościuszko during his stay in Russian captivity

St. Petersburg (stronghold), 1796

Wood, horn, rolling

Gift of Adam Wolański, 1906

PANOPLY OVER THE SHOWCASE 24

PANOPLY OVER THE SHOWCASE 24

  • Portrait of Prince Józef Poniatowski

Poland, first half of the 19th c.

Oil painting, linen

Gift of Bolesław Karpiński, 1883

 

from left:

  • Flintlock gun

Poland, Częstochowa, workshop of Rochus Daiczer, ca. 1760; Ottoman Empire, half of the 18th c. (barrel)

Iron, silver, wood, horn, forging, engraving, chiselling, inlay, silvering, carving

  • National Cavalry sabre with sheath

Poland, fourth quater of the 18th c.

Iron, leather, wood, forging, engraving

 

  • War scythe

Poland, 1794

Iron, wood, forging

Gift of Leopold Rolnicki, 1936

 

  • Plates from cartridge pouches from the reign od Stanislaus Augustus

Poland, between 1764-1795

Brass, embossing, cutting

From the collection of Maciej Wentzel, 1938

 

  • National Cavalry sabre

Poland, second half of the 18th c.

Iron, wood, copper, brass, forging, inlay, engraving

Gift of Janina Kornecka, 1939. From the collection of Zygmunt Ignacy Kowalski (1847-1918)

 

  • Military pallasch

Poland, 1791

Iron, gold, wood, forging, etching, gilding

Gift of H. Kaplicki, 1935

 

  • War scythe

Poland, 1794

Iron, wood, forging

 

  • Sabre with sheath

Poland, fourth quater of the 18th c. (hilt); France, Klingenthal, after 1805 (blade)

Iron, wood, leather, forging, etching

 

  • Flintlock gun

Poland, workshop of Mateusz Zieliński, second half of the 18th c.

Iron, pattern welding, brass, silver, gold, wood, horn, leather, forging, engraving, inlay, carving

Deposit of the Academy of Learning, 1896